Against the backdrop of accelerating global energy transformation, photovoltaic energy storage systems are evolving from "pure power generation" to "intelligent regulation", and DC power supplies, with their technical characteristics that are naturally compatible with new energy, have become a key carrier for improving system energy efficiency. According to relevant data, the scale of China's DC power supply market has grown from 50 billion yuan in 2015 to 80 billion yuan in 2020, with a compound annual growth rate of 5% to 10%. It is expected that by 2025, the scale of DC power supply market will increase to 540 billion yuan.
Technological Breakthrough: From Component Innovation to System Reconstruction
1. Paradigm shift of high-voltage DC architecture
The 1500V high-voltage DC system increases the efficiency of photovoltaic power generation to more than 98% by reducing the power conversion link, reducing the loss by 8%-10% compared with traditional solutions. Its core technological breakthroughs are reflected in:
1) Wide dynamic MPPT control: adapt to 200-1500V voltage fluctuations, with an accuracy of ±0.1%;
2) Nanocomposite insulation material: volume resistivity increased to 10¹⁴Ω·cm, creepage distance shortened by 40%;
3) Intelligent string design: 10kV/750V direct conversion is achieved through power electronic transformers, reducing distribution capacity by 20%.
2. Photovoltaic storage direct and flexible (PDC) technology integration
The DC microgrid builds a flexible power supply system through direct coupling of "photovoltaic-energy storage-load":
1) The DC bus architecture is used in scenes such as bus stations, eliminating the AC/DC conversion link, and the system efficiency is improved by 15%-20%;
2) The intelligent junction box integrates overvoltage/lightning protection, supports remote monitoring, and shortens the fault response time by 70%.
3. Application of third-generation semiconductor materials
Silicon carbide (SiC) devices enable the DC power supply switching frequency to exceed 100 kHz, and with digital twin technology, predictive maintenance accuracy can reach 92%.
Market Expansion: From Niche Areas to Full-Domain Penetration
1. Three-step growth
1) The scale of China's DC power supply market increased from 50 billion yuan in 2015 to 80 billion yuan in 2020, with a CAGR of 10%;
2) The expected scale in 2025 is 540 billion yuan, of which photovoltaic storage applications will account for more than 35%;
3) The global HVDC power supply market has a compound annual growth rate of 4.12%, and China has become the largest incremental market.
2. Fission expansion of application scenarios
Representative Cases of Scenario Technology Features Data Center Panama power module + liquid cooling Tencent Tianjin data center saves 23% of electricity Electric vehicle 750V DC fast charging pile Weilai super charging station 5 minutes to replenish 200km Smart microgrid DC distribution + AI load prediction Xiongan New District microgrid project.
3. Reshaping the Competitive Landscape
1) Technological Barriers: Leading companies such as Zhongheng Electric have built a competitive advantage through HVDC patents, with R&D investment accounting for 12% of their total market share.
2) Ecosystem Competition: Sungrow and CATL, respectively, dominate the AC and DC technology lines, with the market share gap narrowing to 5%.
Future Challenges and Breakthroughs
1. Technical Pain Points
1) The lack of DC arc protection standards increases fire risk by 30%.
2) The domestic production rate of components with voltage levels above 750V is less than 40%.
2. Recommendations for Industry Collaboration
1) Establish an ISO standard system for solar-to-storage DC systems.
2) Develop a vertical industry chain for wide-bandgap semiconductors.
3) Explore the "virtual power plant + DC microgrid" business model.
DC power supplies are being transformed into the core of the system from supporting equipment. As the LCOE for photovoltaic power generation reaches 0.1 yuan/kWh, DC technology will become a key driver of solar-to-storage parity, with the global market size expected to exceed one trillion yuan by 2030.
