The AN53(F) series wide-range programmable DC power supplies include a photovoltaic (PV) battery simulation function, often referred to as a “solar array simulation” mode. This feature allows the power supply to replicate the output characteristics of real PV panels under varying irradiation, temperature, shading, and other environmental conditions. It is an essential tool for developing PV inverters, energy-storage PCS, microgrid equipment, and related systems.
Core Principle: I-V Curve Simulation
The key characteristics of solar panels are their I-V and P-V curves. Using advanced digital circuitry and algorithms, the AN53(F) can dynamically compute and output voltage and current in real time according to a predefined I-V curve, rather than supplying a fixed voltage or current.
Main Simulation Features and Adjustable Parameters
In the AN53(F) solar-cell simulation mode, you typically configure the following core parameters to define the PV module you want to simulate:
Open-Circuit Voltage (Voc): The maximum voltage of a PV panel when no load is connected.
Short-Circuit Current (Isc): The maximum current when the panel is shorted.
Maximum Power Point Voltage (Vmpp) & Current (Impp): The operating point at which the panel outputs maximum power.
Fill Factor (FF) or Curve-Shape Coefficient: Determines how “square” the I-V curve is. A higher fill factor indicates better panel quality. Some models use series/parallel resistance or standard curve models to define the shape.
Environmental Condition Simulation
Beyond static curves, the AN53(F) can dynamically adjust parameters to simulate:
Irradiance Variation: Modeled primarily by adjusting Isc. Higher irradiance results in higher Isc.
Temperature Variation: Modeled by adjusting Voc. Higher temperature causes Voc to drop.
Partial Shading: Achieved by simulating multi-peak I-V/P-V curves. Partial shading on cells causes multiple “humps” in the output curve—an advanced capability of the AN53(F).
Basic Operating Steps
Enter Simulation Mode:
Select “Solar Array Simulation” or a similarly named mode from the front panel or remote-control software.
Input PV Module Parameters:
Manual Input: Enter values for Voc, Isc, Vmpp, Impp, etc.
Model Selection: Choose among standard PV models such as those defined by IEC 61829.
Curve Learning/Scanning: The system can import real I-V curve data captured from a PV panel or I-V tester. Load voltage-current data pairs through software, and the AN53(F) will reproduce the curve precisely.
Set Working Point Scans:
Configure voltage or current sweep ranges and timing to evaluate MPPT performance and the dynamic behavior of inverters.
Connect DUT:
Connect the AN53(F) output to the DC input of a PV inverter.
Run and Monitor:
Enable output. The inverter will operate as if connected to a real PV panel, performing MPPT and grid inversion. You can monitor voltage, current, power, and the inverter’s operating point trajectory along the I-V curve in real time.
Advanced Control via Software
For advanced testing, such as multi-peak curve simulation or dynamic irradiance sequences, it is highly recommended to use the dedicated remote-control software. It enables:
Graphical I-V curve editing
Time-sequence programming: Simulate irradiance and temperature changes over time (sunrise-to-sunset, cloud passages, etc.)
Automated test sequences synchronized with grid simulators, electronic loads, and other instruments
Typical Applications
PV inverter R&D and certification testing:
MPPT efficiency tests, start-up behavior, static/dynamic MPP tracking, compliance with VDE-AR-N4105, BDEW, and other standards
Energy-storage converter testing:
Validating PV-side charging performance
Micro-inverter and power optimizer testing:
Particularly important for multi-peak curves and partial-shading conditions
PV module & system research
Important Notes
Model Variations:
Confirm whether your specific AN53 model includes the optional “Solar Cell Simulation” feature—it is not standard on all units.
Voltage/Current/Power Limits:
Ensure the Voc and Isc you configure fall within the instrument’s output range and power envelope. For example, a 30 V/60 A supply may not be able to output 60 A at 15 V due to power limitations.
Bidirectional Capability:
The AN53F series is bidirectional, meaning it can both emulate a PV source and absorb returned power from an inverter, feeding it back to the grid. This is useful when testing standby behavior or nighttime operation.
Summary
The AN53(F) uses built-in photovoltaic mathematical models and high-speed digital processors to respond instantly to load variations, maintaining voltage and current along the predefined I-V curve. With multi-peak curve simulation and dynamic environmental sequencing, this tool is a powerful aid for advanced PV industry testing.
